Thousand of different types of bacteria exist everywhere in our world, and most of them carry on bacterial organic digestion in some way. However, some of them are found only in a particular environment, require specialized types of food, and/or have very unique biological roles (niches).  A bacteria is a single cell life of form - each individual cell is a separate, unique organism. Bacteria often grow into colonies that appear as jelly-like masses, but each cell remains as independent. Bacteria reproduce by a process called cell division. A mature bacteria reproduces by dividing into two cells, each identical to each other and the parent bacteria. Under ideal conditions, bacteria can reproduce very rapidly, producing a new generation every 20 to 30 minutes.

Following this reproduction process, we see that the number of individual bacteria doubles with each generation. The population explodes as the number of organisms increases logarithmically. This population boom begins soon after the bacteria is introduced into a favorable environment, after a short lag time when the bacteria becomes acclimated to the new conditions.

Obviously, this population cannot increase forever. At some point, the food source will be depleted, waste products will accumulate, or some other change in the environment. Will cause the population to level off or decrease (such as a change in pH, temperature, or oxygen content of the environment). Also, introduction of any poisons into the environment may have negative effects on the population, as well as competition from other types of bacteria.

Bacteria can be classified into different types :
     - Aerobic types (which require oxygen to live) 
     - Anaerobic (which can live without oxygen )
     - Facultative types can thrive under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

For waste digestion, we can identify several beneficial characteristics that we want our chosen bacteria to have. The "good" bacteria that we will choose must:

1. Consume (digest) a wide variety of organic material that are present in wastes. 
2. Digest waste quickly and completely, without producing significant odors of noxious gas.
3. Not cause any disease in man or animals - they must be non-pathogenic.
4. Grow and reproduce quickly and readily in the environmental conditions found in waste disposal systems.

Certain bacteria belonging to the Bacillus species have  these desirable characteristics. They consume organic  waste thousands of times faster than the bacteria that are naturally present in the waste. They grow and reproduce easily, are non-pathogenic, and do not produce foul odors or gas as they digest waste.

These "good" bacteria are cultured (grown by artificial means) on liquid or dry nutrient medium. These cultured bacteria are then freeze dried to put them in a state of suspension. They remain alive, ready to swim, eat, and reproduce as soon as they are activated (rehydrated) and put into the proper environment.

The proper environment needed for rapid growth and reproduction of these good bacteria must have these characteristics: 
1. A water medium containing food (organic waste).
2. Dissolved oxygen (for the aerobic types that require it) in sufficient quantities.
3. Proper pH -- not too acid nor too alkaline -- between 6 and 9 on the pH scale.
4. Moderate temperature, between 50 deg °F and 110 deg °F.

An enzyme is a chemical catalyst that breaks up long, complex waste molecules (Hydrolytic Reaction) into smaller pieces, which can then be digested directly by the bacteria.

Enzymes are simply chemicals - they are not living  things, and they cannot grow or reproduce themselves. Enzymes are manufactured by bacteria, and used by the bacteria in order to digest waste. The enzymes that are mixed into the products are actually produced by special  bacteria, extracted from them in dry form, and blended into the mixture.

Enzyme are added to help them go to work faster. When added to the organic waste, the enzymes immediately go to work breaking down the waste into water - soluble nutrients for the bacteria to digest. The enzymes break the large, complex molecules of starches, proteins, carbohydrates, and cellulose into smaller, simpler pieces. These enzymes act like chemical "knives", chopping the large molecules of waste into smaller pieces of water - soluble nutrients for the bacteria. The growing bacteria will then start to produce more enzymes on their own, creating a continuing cycle of enzyme production.

Enzymes are "biological catalysts." "Biological" means the substance in question is produced or is derived from some living organism. "Catalyst" denotes a substance that has the ability to increase the rate of a chemical reaction, and is not changed or destroyed by the chemical reaction that it accelerates.

Generally speaking, catalysts are specific in nature as to the type of reaction they can catalyze. Enzymes, as a subclass of catalysts, are very specific in nature. Each enzyme can act to catalyze only very select chemical reactions and only with very select substances. An enzyme has been described as a "key" which can "unlock" complex compounds. An enzyme, as the key, must have a certain structure or multi-dimensional shape that matches a specific section of the "substrate" (a substrate is the compound or substance which undergoes the change). Once these two components come together, certain chemical bonds within the substrate molecule change much as a lock is released, and just  like the key in this illustration, the enzyme is free to execute its duty once again.

Many chemical reactions do proceed but at such a slow rate that their progress would seem to be imperceptible at normally encountered environmental temperature. Consider for example, the oxidation of glucose or other sugars to useable energy by animals and plants. For a living organism to derive heat and other energy from sugar, the sugar must be oxidized (combined with oxygen) or metabolically "burned"

However, in a living system, the oxidation of sugar must meet an additional condition; that oxidation of sugar must proceed essentially at  normal  body temperature. Obviously, sugar surrounded by sufficient oxygen would not oxidize very rapidly at this temperature. In conjunction with a series of enzymes created by the living organism, however, this reaction does proceed quite rapidly at temperatures up to 100 °F (38 °C). Therefore, enzymes allow the living organism to make use of the potential energy contained in sugar and other food substances.

Enzymes or biological catalysts allow reactions that are necessary to sustain life proceed relatively quickly at the normal environmental temperatures. Enzymes often
increase the rate of a chemical reaction between 10 and 20 million times what the speed of reaction would be when left uncatalyzed (at a given temperature).

Nutrients locked in certain organics are complex macromolecules, or in hard-to-digest matrices may be released or predigested by a high degree of heat or concentrated acid treatment. In an alternative manner, specific enzymes can  promote the pre-digestion of certain complex nutrients and facilitate the release of highly digestible nutrients in organics during processing without the need of excessive heat or rigorous chemical treatment.